《观书有感二首》所蕴含的道理属于美学原理范畴，其一首的说理角度是欣赏美，其二首的说理角度是创作美，这种美学原理是带有一定普适性的。例如：如果读者抛开诗歌本身的描述对象，完全可以把这种道理引申开来。比如，如果将“书”理解为“书本”，而且书本的内容不是泛泛的包括诸如医书、哲学书、史书、科技书等等，而是仅仅就文学内容诸如诗词曲赋散文等等体现文学艺术美的方面，那么，也可以认为“源头活水”表达了“不竭的文思”，而“一夜春潮”则表达了“文思勃发”等等。
庆元二年（1196年），为避权臣韩侂胄之祸，朱熹与门人黄干、蔡沈、黄钟来到新城福山（今黎川县社苹乡竹山村）双林寺侧的武夷堂讲学，并写下《福山》一诗。在此期间，他往来于南城、南丰。在南城应利元吉、邓约礼之邀作《建昌军进士题名记》一文，文中对建昌人才辈出发出由衷赞美。又应南城县上塘蛤蟆窝村吴伦、吴常兄弟之邀，到该村讲学，为吴氏厅堂书写“荣木轩”，为读书亭书写“书楼”，并为吴氏兄弟创办的社仓撰写了《社仓记》。还在该村写下了“问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来”（《观书有感》）的著名诗句。朱熹离村后，村民便将蛤蟆窝村改为源头村，民国时曾设活水乡（今属上塘镇）以纪念朱熹。在南丰曾巩读书岩石壁上刻有朱熹手书“书岩”二字，在岩穴下小池壁上刻有朱熹手书“墨池”二字。
At the end of the first World War, the second industrial revolution was just completed. As a victorious nation in the World War I, the United States surpassed Britain as the worlds largest power in capitalist world. The economy was flourishing and the whole country was thriving. Cars, lights and telephones facilitated peoples life. People feel no longer fight, is the time to enjoy, the young generation is more like entering a new era of joy of brilliant, they began to abandon the traditional moral standard, in the money worship, hedonism, luxury, scene of debauchery all day. The economic prosperity of the neglect of social cost.
The story of the great Gatsby took place at this time.
The background of the novel is set in the white circle of the upper class in modern American society and unfolded through Nicks narrative. Nick was born in the Midwest of the United States, then went to New York to learn how to run a stock business, and wanted to make a fortune. He lived in Long Island and was neighbors to Gatsby, the hero of the story, and made friends with him. Gatsby, formerly known as Gates, and Nick is from the Midwest, he was born poor but aspiring, due to selling bootleg liquor and riches. He often held large-scale luxury home party, banquet guests, to show its generosity, the purpose is to attract the daisy lover five years ago and win her back. Five years ago at the Gatsby military service when Daisy was his lover, Gatsby went overseas in the first World War, due to reckless with greed came from wealthy families to marry a rich mens sons Tom buchanan. However, the satisfaction of material desires and carnal desires did not fill the spiritual emptiness and poverty of daisy. In Nicks help, and Gatsby seemed to rekindle their love after the reunion. But Daisy is no longer the original Daisy, she is no longer the innocent girl Gatsby imagined, but a stupid, selfish, vulgar, beautiful body. Gatsbys beautiful dream was finally broken, but he was still doing the final struggle, is still a fantasy of daisy, and suffered more sad sad ending. Later, daisy in a drunk driving Gatsbys car ran over Toms mistress, plan a plot with Tom and brutally put the blame on Gatsby, resulting in the victims husband suddenly broke into Gatsbys home and shot Gatsby, then Dutch act died, Gatsby eventually completely become a victim of selfish and cruel daisy.
Xu as Gatsby, presents a perfect and beautiful dream within reach for us to provide a witness the envy of everyone in society by chance for us, but also to an attitude with ruthless shattered eyes alluring resplendent with variegated coloration, the end of the story, Gatsbys funeral and deserted the party noisy, persistent and Daisy Gatsby warm cold away, forming a strong contrast, although the reality of broken dreams, but also let the people live to see the reality of the hypocrisy and indifference.
The distance between dream and reality
The reason why Gatsby is great because he can in order to realize the dream, because he is a millionaire also have the original dream, because he can give life to dream, although the price in third seems too heavy, too unworthy, not in, the dream has been broken, outliving both. A tear or a sigh in the face of reality seemed so weak, worry is heavy, but how much money, chennai!
The end of the story I can feel as a bystander, Nick downhearted, after the death of Gatsby, his heart becomes haunted in the East, distorted beyond their ability to eye correction, so he went back home. Whether it is to escape from the reality or re start, like the tortoise was attacked in the shell, or like a crab armed and ready to fight, never give life to defend the principles and morals of their life, when we do not want to. And cant change the reality of the time, silence is to maintain the dignity of the umbrella.
How far is the distance between dream and reality? Just like the distance between the heart and the human heart.
How far is the distance between the heart and the human heart? It can be very close or very far away. Look at our society today, how much is left in the trust between people? We are still learning Lei Feng 80s said a good example, but he was dead in 90s; we are still learning contemporary Paul Zhang Haidi, but now her nationality has been questioned; in twenty-first Century, we study the important thought of Three Represents, but some people will only put the table worn on the hand. See people hailed seek help can not stop, because it is possible to see the old man fell down fishing; you can not help, because it may be pengci; see money can not pick up, even if not illegal because it may be the, you see, our society is to let some people get rich, the value orientation is also gradually distorted let the rich to the poor, finally achieve common prosperity intention where? Why the whole society is in a crisis of confidence between the people and the people? Why the distance will be so far away?
翻译：
第一次世界大战结束时，第二次工业革命刚刚结束。作为第一次世界大战的胜利者，美国超越英国成为资本主义世界中的世界最大强国。经济繁荣，全国欣欣向荣。汽车、电灯和电话方便了人们的生活。人们觉得不再打仗，是享受的时候了，年轻一代更像是进入了一个欢乐灿烂的新时代，他们开始抛弃传统的道德标准，在拜金主义、享乐主义、奢侈、放荡的场景中整天狂欢。经济繁荣忽视了社会成本。
伟大的盖茨比的故事发生在这个时候。
小说的背景设置在现代美国社会上层阶级的白人圈子中，并通过尼克的叙述展开。尼克出生在美国中西部，然后去纽约学习如何经营股票业务，并想发财。他住在长岛，是故事主人公盖茨比的邻居，并和他交上了朋友。盖茨比，原名盖茨，尼克来自美国中西部，他出身贫寒，但由于贩卖私酒和财富而雄心勃勃。他经常举办大型豪华家庭聚会，宴请宾客，以显示其慷慨大方，目的是吸引五年前的雏菊情人，并把她赢回来。五年前，在盖茨比服兵役时，黛西是他的情人，盖茨比在第一次世界大战中出国，因为不顾后果地贪婪地嫁给了来自富裕家庭的有钱人的儿子汤姆·布坎南。然而，物质欲望和肉体欲望的满足并没有填补黛西精神上的空虚和贫困。在尼克的帮助下，盖茨比似乎在重聚后重新点燃了他们的爱情。但黛西不再是原来的黛西，她不再是盖茨比想象中的天真女孩，而是一个愚蠢、自私、粗俗、美丽的身体。盖茨比的美丽梦想终于破灭了，但他仍在做最后的挣扎，依然是黛西的幻想，更是遭遇了凄惨的结局。后来，黛西在酒后驾驶盖茨比的车撞倒了汤姆的情妇，与汤姆策划了一场阴谋，并残忍地将责任推到了盖茨比身上，导致受害者的丈夫突然闯入盖茨比的家中向盖茨比开枪，随后荷兰人死了，盖茨比最终彻底成为自私而残忍的黛西的受害者。
徐作为盖茨比，为我们呈现了一个触手可及的完美而美丽的梦想，为我们提供了一个让社会上每个人羡慕不已的机会，同时也以一种冷酷的态度粉碎了双眼，用五颜六色的色彩诱惑着金碧辉煌，故事的结尾，盖茨比的葬礼和离别派对的喧嚣，执着与黛西·盖茨比的冷暖渐行渐远，形成了强烈的反差，虽然现实中的梦想破碎了，但也让人看到了生活中现实的虚伪与冷漠。
梦想与现实的距离
盖茨比之所以伟大，是因为他能为了实现梦想，因为他是一个百万富翁也有着原始的梦想，因为他能为梦想献出生命，虽然代价在第三位似乎太重，太不值，不在第三位，梦想已经破灭，两人都活不下去了。一滴眼泪或一声叹息，在现实面前似乎是那么的脆弱，忧愁是沉重的，但有多少钱，钦奈！
故事的结尾我可以感觉到作为一个旁观者，尼克情绪低落，盖茨比死后，他的心在东方变得心神不宁，扭曲得无法用眼睛矫正，于是他回家了。无论是逃避现实还是重新开始，就像乌龟在壳里被袭击一样，还是像螃蟹一样武装起来准备战斗，永远不要放弃生命来捍卫自己生命的原则和道德，当我们不想的时候。而无法改变现实的时候，沉默是维护尊严的保护伞。
梦想和现实之间的距离有多远？就像心和人的心之间的距离。
心脏和人类心脏之间的距离有多远？它可以非常近，也可以非常远。看看我们今天的社会，人们之间的信任还有多少？我们仍在学习雷锋80年代所说的一个好例子，但他死于90年代；我们仍在学习当代保罗·张海迪，但现在她的国籍受到了质疑；在二十一世纪，我们学习“三个代表”重要思想，但有些人只会把桌子放在手上。看到人们欢呼求救，无法停止，因为有可能看到老人倒下钓鱼；你帮不上忙，因为它可能是蓬茨；看钱捡不起来，即使不违法，因为它可能是，你看，我们的社会是让一些人变富，价值取向也逐渐扭曲让富人变穷人，最终实现共同富裕的意图在哪里？为什么整个社会都处于民与民之间的信任危机中？为什么距离会如此遥远？
朱熹（1130年9月15日～1200年4月23日），行五十二，小名沋郎，小字季延，字元晦，一字仲晦，号晦庵，晚称晦翁，又称紫阳先生、考亭先生、沧州病叟、云谷老人、沧洲病叟、逆翁。谥文，又称朱文公。汉族，祖籍南宋江南东路徽州府婺源县（今江西省婺源），出生于南剑州尤溪（今属福建三明市）。南宋著名的理学家、思想家、哲学家、教育家、诗人、闽学派的代表人物，世称朱子，是孔子、孟子以来最杰出的弘扬儒学的大师。
朱熹是程颢、程颐的三传弟子李侗的学生，家境穷困，自小聪颖，弱冠及第，中绍兴十八年进士，历高孝光宁四朝。于建阳云谷结草堂名“晦庵”，在此讲学，世称“考亭学派”，亦称考亭先生。承北宋周敦颐与二程学说，创立宋代研究哲理的学风，称为理学。其着作甚多，辑定《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》为四书作为教本。
Reading _the Great Gatsby_ is a chance. I wanted to spendmy time reading it in my spare time. However, my fathers advice at the beginning made me have great interest: when you comment on others, you should remember that not all people have such excellent conditions as you. I like watching Gatsby standing at the seaside looking at the green light on Daisys Wharf, watching him _stretch out his arms in a strange way_, like that kind of surprise and eagerness; I like the unknown light on Gatsbys mansion all night, following the music and laughter in the wind in the garden, like a dog and a horse, intoxicated. And Gatsbys loneliness and pent up desire behind all this prosperity. I like the feeling of being warm and cold after death. I like watching the carfromthe otherendof the world come to the gate of the mansion, but I didnt find that the wonderful banquet had alreadyended. I also like the language, metaphor and story telling in the book, as well as the delicate but meticulous structure. Only after repeated reading, can you find that each person in the original book is not only full and independent, but also in the invisible, it is gathered in the net of the plot and becomes a part of the plot.
When I finished the last page of _the Great Gatsby_, I inexplicably recalled reading Gogols _Neva Avenue_ one autumn night a year ago. When I saw a pure and weak young mans thrill completely shattered by the realitys absurdity in the charming streetlights and noisy crowd of Neva Avenue, I felt an indescribable emotion that left me nowhere As a recluse, piscaloov came to love with his whole life pursuit at a glance, but the charming girl turned into an unreasonable prostitute, so his pursuit of beauty ironically pushed him to theendof his life. Then, I came to a conclusion in that flustered night: to give up saving people, because there wont be too many people who want to constantly expand their dreams under the blue sky, including love, helpless yearning and trying to change others with ideal nature will always turn pale and absurd.
翻译：
阅读《了不起的盖茨比》是一个机会。我想在业余时间读一读。然而，我父亲一开始的建议让我产生了极大的兴趣：当你评论别人时，你应该记住，并不是所有的人都有你这样优秀的条件。我喜欢看盖茨比站在海边，看着黛西码头上的绿灯，看着他“以一种奇怪的方式伸出双臂”，像那种惊讶和渴望；我喜欢整夜盖茨比大厦上那未知的灯光，跟着花园里的音乐和风中的笑声，像一条狗和一匹马，陶醉在其中。而盖茨比的孤独和被压抑的欲望在这一切繁荣的背后。我喜欢死后温暖和寒冷的感觉。我喜欢看从世界另一端来的车开到豪宅门口，但我没有发现美妙的宴会已经结束了。我也喜欢书中的语言、隐喻和故事讲述，以及精致而细致的结构。只有经过反复阅读，你才能发现原著中的每个人不仅是完整的、独立的，而且是无形的，它聚集在情节的网中，成为情节的一部分。
当我读完《了不起的盖茨比》的最后一页时，我莫名其妙地回忆起一年前的一个秋夜，我读过Gogols的《涅瓦大道》。当我在迷人的街灯和喧闹的涅瓦大道人群中看到一个纯洁而软弱的年轻人被现实的荒谬彻底粉碎时，我感到一种无法形容的情感，让我无处遁世，皮斯卡洛夫一眼就爱上了他一生的追求，但这个迷人的女孩却变成了一个不讲理的_，因此，他对美的追求讽刺地将他推向了生命的尽头。然后，在那个慌乱的夜晚，我得出了一个结论：放弃救人，因为不会有太多的人想在蓝天下不断扩展自己的梦想，包括爱、无助的向往和试图用理想的本性改变别人，这一切都会变得苍白和荒谬。
